MKULTRA

The CIA’s umbrella program of behavioural-modification, mind-control, and dissociation research, conducted from 1953 until at least 1973 under the cover designation "Project MKULTRA." The program funded research at universities, prisons, and clinical institutions, including LSD experiments, sensory deprivation, electroshock, and trauma-based dissociation protocols substantially derived from Operation Paperclip’s import of Nazi behavioural-warfare specialists. Confirmed by the 1975 Church Committee. The December 2024 National Security Archive release substantially expanded the public documentary base.