Notable figures

Notable figures

• Robert Cochrane (Roy Bowers) 1931–1966
  Founder of the Clan of Tubal Cain

  English witch whose correspondence and ritual work in the early 1960s articulated the first widely circulated alternative to Gardnerian Wicca. He claimed pre-Gardnerian initiation through his family; the claim is unverified. Died of an overdose of belladonna in 1966.

• Andrew Chumbley 1967–2004
  Magister of the Cultus Sabbati; principal exponent of Sabbatic Witchcraft

  English witch and writer whose Azoëtia (1992) and subsequent published grimoires set out the Sabbatic Witchcraft current. He held a doctorate from the School of Oriental and African Studies on the comparative study of magical texts.

• Doreen Valiente 1922–1999
  Bridging figure; worked with both Wiccan and traditional groups

  The principal liturgist of Gardnerian Wicca who later worked with Robert Cochrane’s coven and is considered an important link figure between the Wiccan and traditional currents in mid-twentieth-century English witchcraft.